The danger library

What actually harms children at home — and how to prevent it

Every danger below is ranked by how often it harms Australian children, not by how frightening it sounds. Each carries what it is, where it hides, the numbers, the peak age, prevention steps, and the source. The through-line is the same everywhere: it is preventable.

Critical High Moderate Lower
🪜
Critical

Falls

What & where: The single leading cause of injury hospitalisation for children 0–14. Change tables, beds, high chairs, stairs, bunk beds, windows, balconies, playground and trampoline equipment.

Hospitalisations/yr
~18,000
Of all child injuries
38%
Peak age
1–4 yrs
Prevention
  • Never leave a baby unattended on a change table or bed
  • Fit safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs
  • Install window locks or guards above ground floor
  • Anchor bookshelves and drawers to the wall (tip-over)

Source: AIHW Injury in Australia 2023 · Kidsafe Australia

💧
Critical

Drowning & near-drowning

What & where: The leading cause of death for children 1–4. Home bathtubs, buckets, nappy buckets, eskies, pet water bowls, and backyard/portable pools. A child can drown silently in 3cm of water, and near-drowning can cause permanent brain injury.

Deaths/yr (0–4)
~30
Near-drownings/yr
~300
At home
73%
Prevention
  • Four-sided pool fencing with a self-closing, self-latching gate
  • Constant, arm's-reach supervision during bath time — no distractions
  • Empty buckets, baths and paddling pools immediately after use
  • Learn infant & child CPR — outcomes depend on the first minutes

Source: Royal Life Saving National Drowning Report 2023

🧴
Critical

Poisoning

What & where: Medications (the #1 cause), cleaning products, dishwasher and laundry pods, essential oils, garden chemicals, alcohol and certain plants. Around 80% of poisoning in under-5s happens at home. Brightly coloured pods and liquids are mistaken for food.

Calls to Poisons Info
~55,000/yr
Under 5
52%
Preventable
90%+
Prevention
  • Store all medicines and chemicals up high, locked, in original containers
  • Choose child-resistant packaging and re-close it fully every time
  • Never call medicine "lollies"; keep handbags with pills out of reach
  • Save the Poisons Information Centre number: 13 11 26

Source: NSW Poisons Information Centre Annual Report

🔥
High

Burns & scalds

What & where: Hot drinks (the top cause), bath and tap water, stovetops, ovens, kettles, irons and hair straighteners. A cup of coffee can cause a full-thickness burn on a toddler's thin skin in under one second — and it stays dangerous for 15 minutes.

Hospitalisations/yr
~2,200
Top cause
Hot drinks
Peak age
0–2 yrs
Prevention
  • Keep hot drinks away from the edge of tables and out of little hands
  • Set hot-water systems to 50°C at the tap for bathrooms
  • Turn pot handles inward; use rear stove elements
  • First aid: cool the burn under running water for 20 minutes

Source: Australian Burns Registry 2023 · Kidsafe

🫐
High

Choking & suffocation

What & where: Food (grapes, whole nuts, sausages, hard lollies, popcorn), small toys and parts, coins, magnets, blind and curtain cords, plastic bags, and soft bedding or co-sleeping for infants. The 3rd leading cause of injury death for under-3s.

ER visits/yr
~5,000
Food-related
59%
Deaths (0–3)/yr
~15
Prevention
  • Cut round foods lengthways; avoid whole nuts under 3
  • Keep small objects and magnets away from under-3s
  • Tie up blind cords and keep cots free of soft bedding and toys
  • Learn first aid for a choking baby and child

Source: AIHW & Kidsafe Australia

🔋
Moderate

Button & coin battery ingestion

What & where: 20mm lithium coin cells create a chemical reaction that can burn through a child's oesophagus within two hours. Hidden in remotes, toys, watches, hearing aids, bathroom scales, thermometers, flameless candles and key finders.

Ingestions/yr (Aus)
~1,100
Severe injury/yr
~20
Deaths since 2013
3
Prevention
  • Check that battery compartments are screwed shut and secure
  • Store spare and flat batteries locked away — flat ones still harm
  • If you suspect ingestion, go straight to emergency; don't wait for symptoms
  • Australia now mandates child-resistant packaging & secure compartments

Source: ACCC Product Safety Australia

🐕
Moderate

Dog bites

What & where: Most bites to children are from a family or neighbour's dog, at home, and to the face and head. Risk rises as toddlers become mobile and again around ages 5–9. Often triggered by hugging, disturbing food, or approaching a resting dog.

Peak age
5–9 yrs
Most bites
Known dog
Common site
Face/head
Prevention
  • Never leave a young child alone with any dog, however trusted
  • Teach children not to approach dogs that are eating or sleeping
  • Supervise all child–dog interactions actively
  • Learn a dog's warning signs (stiffening, lip-licking, turning away)

Source: AIHW · Kidsafe Australia

🤸
Moderate

Trampoline injuries

What & where: A leading cause of home play injury for school-age children. Fractures, sprains and dislocations — most often when more than one child jumps at once, or from falls off the mat.

Hospitalisations/yr
~6,500
Peak age
5–9 yrs
Main cause
Multiple jumpers
Prevention
  • One child on the trampoline at a time
  • Use safety netting and pad the springs and frame
  • Place on soft, level ground away from fences and structures
  • Supervise; no somersaults

Source: AIHW · Kidsafe Australia

🫂
High

Self-harm & mental-health crisis (10–17)

What & where: As physical injury falls in the teenage years, intentional self-harm rises sharply — the leading cause of injury hospitalisation for older adolescents. Driven by cyberbullying, family conflict, DV exposure and untreated distress.

Peak age
15–17 yrs
Vs 10–14
3× rate
By age 17
1 in 7
Prevention
  • Keep an open, non-judgemental line of conversation
  • Secure medications — most self-poisoning uses what's at home
  • Reduce isolation; watch for withdrawal and sleep changes
  • Know your local youth mental-health and crisis supports

Source: AIHW · AIFS Growing Up in Australia

At a glance

Every danger, side by side

The same library as a quick-scan table — sorted by severity, with the peak age and the leading source at home.

DangerSeverityPeak ageKey figureLeading source at home
FallsCritical1–4 yrs~18,000/yr · 38% of injuriesFurniture, stairs, play equipment
DrowningCritical1–4 yrs~30 deaths/yr (0–4)Baths, buckets, pools
PoisoningCritical1–3 yrs~55,000 calls/yrMedicines, cleaners, pods
Burns & scaldsHigh0–2 yrs~2,200 hospitalisations/yrHot drinks, bath water, stoves
Choking & suffocationHigh0–3 yrs~5,000 ER visits/yrFood, small objects, bedding
Self-harm (10–17)High15–17 yrs3× the 10–14 rateMedications, isolation
Button batteriesModerate0–5 yrs~1,100 ingestions/yrRemotes, toys, scales
Dog bitesModerate5–9 yrsMostly known dogsFamily/neighbour dog
TrampolineModerate5–9 yrs~6,500 hospitalisations/yrBackyard trampoline

Sources: AIHW Injury in Australia 2022–23 · Royal Life Saving National Drowning Report 2023 · NSW Poisons Information Centre · Australian Burns Registry · ACCC Product Safety Australia · Kidsafe Australia

Turn this into a safer home

The storehouse has room-by-room checklists you can work through in an afternoon — and the get-involved list sends you the printable version.