By age

Different ages, different dangers

A child's risks change faster than almost anything else about them. The infant who can't roll becomes the toddler who can reach the stove becomes the teenager whose deepest risks are invisible. Here is each stage — the dangers, why they peak, and what prevents them.

1–4
Highest injury rate
15–17
Self-harm peak
0–1
Suffocation risk peak
0–1
Infant
SuffocationFallsBath drowning

Stillness is the danger — they can't move away from harm

Infants can't reposition themselves, call out, or lift their own head from a soft surface. The dangers are the ones that arrive to them: bedding, water, and gravity.

Why it peaks here

Airways are tiny and easily blocked; the head is heavy relative to the body, so a roll off a change table is a head-first fall; and drowning needs only 3cm of water and a moment's absence. Button battery ingestion also begins as babies mouth everything.

Prevention
  • Safe sleep: baby on the back, in a cot, on a firm flat surface, no soft toys or loose bedding
  • Never leave a baby unattended on a change table, bed or sofa
  • Arm's-reach supervision for every bath; empty the water straight after
  • Secure all button-battery compartments and store spares locked away

Sources: Red Nose Safe Sleeping · Royal Life Saving · AIHW · ACCC Product Safety

1–4
Toddler · highest risk
Falls #1Poisoning peakDrowning #1 killerScalds peak

The most dangerous age — mobile enough to reach danger, too young to judge it

This is the highest injury rate of any childhood age group. Toddlers can climb, open, pour and wander, but can't yet assess consequences. Almost every physical danger on this site peaks somewhere in this window.

Why it peaks here

Curiosity and new mobility outrun understanding. A toddler will drink what looks like cordial, pull a hot drink off a table, climb a bookshelf, or slip into a pool in seconds of quiet. Their skin scalds faster and their airway is still small.

Prevention
  • Lock medicines and chemicals up high; use child-resistant catches on cupboards
  • Four-sided pool fencing; never leave water in baths, buckets or paddling pools
  • Keep hot drinks and cords away from table edges; use rear stove elements
  • Anchor furniture and TVs to the wall; gate the stairs

Sources: AIHW Injury in Australia · Royal Life Saving · NSW Poisons Information Centre · Kidsafe Australia

5–9
Child
Trampoline #1Dog bitesFamily conflict

Risk moves outdoors — and the first emotional harms become visible

Physical injury rates fall as judgement improves, but the backyard and the street bring new ones: trampolines, bikes, and the family dog. At school age, the effects of family conflict and early emotional harm start to show.

Why it changes here

Children are more independent and more adventurous, but still overestimate their skill. Trampolines cause ~6,500 hospitalisations a year, and most dog bites to children are from a known dog at home. Meanwhile, exposure to conflict or DV begins shaping behaviour and mood.

Prevention
  • One child at a time on the trampoline; nets and padded springs
  • Helmets for bikes and scooters; supervise near driveways
  • Never leave a young child alone with any dog; teach dog body language
  • Keep communication open; watch for changes in mood or behaviour

Sources: AIHW · Kidsafe Australia · AIFS Growing Up in Australia

10–14
Pre-teen
Self-harm emergesCyberbullyingDV exposure

The dangers turn inward — and online

Physical injury keeps falling, but this is where intentional self-harm hospitalisations begin to climb. The risks are now harder to see: online bullying, social pressure, parental conflict, and the compounding weight of earlier emotional harm.

Why it changes here

Adolescence brings intense social and emotional development, a 24-hour online world, and a widening gap between what a child feels and what they can say. Around 1 in 7 young people will self-harm by age 17, and distress often shows first as withdrawal or sleep change rather than words.

Prevention
  • Keep an open, non-judgemental line — presence beats surveillance
  • Agree device and sleep boundaries together; keep phones out of bedrooms overnight
  • Secure medications — most adolescent self-poisoning uses what's at home
  • Know the signs of bullying and the eSafety reporting tools

Sources: AIHW · AIFS Growing Up in Australia · eSafety Commissioner

15–17
Adolescent
Self-harm peakSubstance useCare-system cliff

Mental-health risk peaks — and support can vanish at 18

Self-harm hospitalisations peak at 15–17, at around three times the rate of 10–14. Substance experimentation moves into the home. And for young people in out-of-home care, turning 18 can mean the "leaving-care cliff" — support removed exactly when it's most needed.

Why it peaks here

Independence, identity and pressure all intensify, while the brain's risk-and-reward systems are still maturing. Sexual-assault disclosure also peaks in adolescence — though most of what's disclosed happened years earlier. For care leavers, the loss of structure at 18 compounds every other risk.

Prevention
  • Stay connected; make it easy to talk about hard things without punishment
  • Secure medicines and alcohol; reduce access to means during low periods
  • Know local youth mental-health, crisis and after-hours supports in advance
  • For care leavers, plan the transition early — don't wait for the cliff

Sources: AIHW · AIFS Growing Up in Australia · ABS Personal Safety Survey

Match the safety steps to your child's age

The storehouse groups checklists by room and by stage, so you can act on exactly the risks that matter right now.